Natural Stacks (8)

Dopamine Brain Food™ is designed to promote the production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter essential to the central nervous system. Research suggests that the compounds in Dopamine Brain Food™ can improve attention and learning, as well as movement and balance. The benefits include: ● Increased mental alertness● Increased drive to accomplish tasks● Support for athletic performance This natural formula contains all the necessary precursors and cofactors for optimal dopamine metabolism. What is “brain food”? Neurochemistry, the chemical patterns and processes that cause your brain to function as it does, is highly complex. It varies significantly between individuals, and is heavily influenced by a large range of factors. Your diet, exercise habits, sun exposure, social group and genetics all have a role to play in your brain’s chemical behaviour. Most of us do not get enough of everything we need every day to keep our brain function 100% optimized. That’s why supplementing with brain food can give you such an edge. Brain food are natural nutrients that act as fuel for specific neurotransmitters in the brain. They can be taken daily to boost various states of optimal performance. By addressing any deficiencies or imbalances in the delicate neurological system, you can increase your ability to concentrate, regulate your energy, and balance your mood. The importance of Dopamine Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is associated with motivation, short-term memory, creativity and personality. It is metabolized into epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase alertness and attention. Abnormal dopamine levels can cause a wide range of diseases. Low levels are associated with Alzheimers, Parkinsons and depression. Getting your dopamine levels balanced and in an optimal range can have a profound influence on your health and quality of life. When your dopamine is being produced at the optimal pace, you will feel alert and engaged. Your mood will be stable and well balanced. You’ll feel calm and steady, while being able to think creatively and with total clarity. Complete Neurotransmitter Support The best way to optimize dopamine levels is to ensure that the necessary precursors and cofactors are available. These precursors and cofactors pave the way for your brain to produce and then use dopamine at an optimal rate. Dopamine Brain Food™ provides these essential compounds. It contains amino acid precursors (L-Phenylalanine & L-Tyrosine), dopamine metabolism cofactors and antioxidants (Vitamin B­6, Vitamin C, & Selenium), as well as specific nutrients to optimize the SAM cycle (Folate, Vitamin B­12, & Trimethylglycine). For Mental Alertness SUGGESTED USE: Take a serving of 2 or 3 capsules in the morning, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner. Do not take more than 3 capsules per day. Dopamine Brain Fuel works synergistically with CILTEP by ensuring that the increase in intracellular cAMP is supported for an extended period of time, leading to even more pronounced motivation and focus. U.S.A manufactured in a cGMP facility. Natural Stacks proudly uses only the highest quality ingredients. L-Phenylalanine As a precursor to dopamine, this essential amino acid is directly converted into phenylethylamine, an important neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. It is converted into L­tyrosine in the body by phenylalanine hydroxylase. It’s present in many foods such as eggs, meat and dairy. L-Tyrosine A non-essential amino acids found in many foods including meats and dairy that is converted by tyrosine hydroxylase into L-DOPA, the direct precursor to dopamine. Vitamin B­6 (Pyridoxal-5-phosphate) An essential vitamin that is also a necessary cofactor that is used by the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase to convert L-DOPA into dopamine. Vitamin C(Quali-C®) A familiar essential vitamin and antioxidant found in high amounts in fruits. It is a co­factor that helps dopamine β­hydroxylase convert dopamine into noradrenaline. Vitamin C speeds up this conversion process and plays an important neuroprotective role. Folate (Quatrefolic® L-Methylfolate), Vitamin B­12 (Methylcobalamin), & Trimethylglycine(TMG) These nutrients help turn homocysteine into SAM-E by acting as cofactors and substrates for the SAM cycle. Creating optimal amounts of SAM-E is important, as it is a precursor to the body’s natural production of many beneficial endogenous substances such as creatine. It also provides the methylation fuel that turns noradrenaline in to adrenaline. Selenium An essential vitamin and antioxidant that protects cells and helps keep the brain’s levels of dopamine producing enzymes at optimal levels. Quali-C® is a registered trademark of DSM. Quatrefolic® is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Dopamine Metabolism, by Abelard Lindsay Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is, among other things, associated with motivation, short-term memory, creativity and personality [1][2][3]. It is metabolized into epinephrine and norepinephrine to increase alertness and attention [4]. It must be properly balanced and metabolized for optimal benefit. Too much dopamine can result in manic states [5] and too little can cause depression and lack of motivation [6]. Dopamine metabolism can be metaphorically compared to a factory process where raw materials such as L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine, which are amino acids present in foods, are transformed by various workers (enzymes) who use various materials (cofactors) in each transformation step. The intermediate products of this metabolism are used to transmit signals through the body and the brain [7]. Unlike a regular factory, the intermediate products are the useful aspects of production and are used primarily in signaling. At the beginning of dopamine metabolism, the dietary amino acid L-Phenylalanine is converted into L-Tyrosine by phenylalanine hydroxylase, and L-Tyrosine into L-Dopa by tyrosine hydroxylase. Studies suggest that tyrosine hydroxylase is upregulated by phosphorylated CREB, which is activated during cAMP/PKA driven long-term potentiation [8]. This is one of the theorized mechanisms of action of CILTEP. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity is the rate limiting step in this metabolic process [12]. Further down the metabolic chain from L-Tyrosine is L-Dopa, which is also available as a drug and in the supplement mucuna pruriens [13]. L-Dopa’s synthesis into dopamine is supported by the active form of vitamin B6, known as pyridoxal phosphate, commonly abbreviated as p5p , and the enzyme dopadecarboxylase [14]. Some intermediate products of dopamine metabolism act as an agonist at the TAAR1 receptor [15]. This receptor is primarily targeted by ADHD drugs [16]. It causes increases in cAMP levels in the cell [17]. Unlike forskolin, the aforementioned ADHD drugs cause efflux of stored dopamine into the synaptic cleft via modulation of the dopamine transporter protein known as DAT [18][19]. This efflux leads to increases in dopamine in the synaptic cleft, producing fast increases in arousal. From reading through a lot of anecdotal experiences and research, that it appears to be undesirable to rapidly raise neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic cleft above a given baseline, as it can lead to excessive arousal and unbalanced cognitive effects. It’s better to help the “factory” produce optimally by supplying cofactors and optimally helping and directing each intermediate reaction and postsynaptic metabolic pathways. Another place that products from dopamine metabolism operate is in the dopamine receptors themselves. The D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 receptors all respond to dopamine in the brain and have various cognitive related effects. D2 receptors modulate prolactin, [20] which some studies suggest is linked to the male sexual refractory time [21]. Direct agonists for these receptors are usually in the class of dopamine agonist drugs that are sometimes prescribed for Parkinson’s symptoms [22][23][24]. D1 and D2 are involved in novelty detection [25] and sexual desire [26]. While D1 and D5 are involved in memory formation [27], D2 and D3 are associated with addiction [28] and compulsions [29]. D4 is involved with cognitive performance [30]. The various mood, addiction, compulsion and sexual influencing effects of dopamine agonists in the brain and various accounts of socially undesirable behavior under the administration of direct dopamine agonists [31] (usually in Parkinsons treatment) leads me to avoid the direct stimulation of these pathways. It appears that it is better to provide cofactors to aid and assist in metabolism along dopaminergic pathways than to directly activate receptors with agonists. However, direct agonists certainly have their uses. Dopamine is converted into norepinephrine with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) as a cofactor via the enzyme dopamine b-hydroxylase. That is further converted to epinephrine via phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase with SAMe as a cofactor. You can read more about SAMe in an earlier essay “The SAM Cycle And The Brain”. Dopamine can also be converted to the TAAR1 agonist 3Methoxytyramine via the enzyme COMT [32]. COMT inhibition is an interesting area of exploration in cognitive enhancement. There is a gene polymorphism, the val158met polymorphism, that influences the rate at which dopamine is processed into further metabolic intermediates via the COMT enzyme. The quick processing polymorphism is called val/val and the more slowly processing polymorphism is called met/met. In one study, participants with the val/val gene had lower scores on a memory test known as dual n­back [33]. Another study suggests that those with the met158 allele have better cognitive performance. To quote the study “The low activity met158 allele has been associated with improved working memory, executive functioning, and attentional control, but also with a higher risk of anxietyrelated behaviors” [34]. It is interesting to note that Luteolin is a substrate for COMT [35], so variations in the COMT allele might account for different anecdotal effects of Luteolin from artichoke extract. How we metabolize dopamine is a core contributor to mood and cognitive function.

As a necessary component of over 325 biochemical reactions, magnesium is one of the most important essential nutrients for maintaining optimal health and performance.  Magnesium plays a role in vital processes such as protein syntheses, cardiovascular health, immune function, and blood sugar management. Specific to the brain, magnesium promotes healthy neuronal activity for supporting recall, learning, decision making, and spatial recognition. It’s impossible to achieve optimal mental and physical performance without maintaining proper levels of magnesium. Unfortunately, magnesium is one of the most deficient minerals in the American diet. In fact, the percentage of the U.S. population deficient in magnesium could be as high as 80%.  Deficiency can lead to “brain fog” and disease. INTRODUCING MAGTECH™ - THE OPTIMAL MAGNESIUM COMPLEX MagTech™ is a premium blend of all three different types of magnesium known to have the highest absorption, Magtein Magnesium L-Threonate, Magnesium Taurate, and Magnesium Glycinate. Each compound is fully chelated for optimal absorption and effectiveness.  “Chelated” means that the magnesium is bonded to an amino acid.  Chelation is the body’s natural means to transport minerals across the intestinal wall as part of digestion, so chelated magnesium is far better absorbed than most supplements which are cheap magnesium salts. MagTech™ has 100% nutritional density, meaning that all components of the magnesium complex have true nutritional value. We carefully chose forms of magnesium that are chelated with nutritionally functional amino acids, each with a specific role to optimize mental and physical performance. Magtein™ Magnesium L-Threonate & Synapse Density The human brain has about 100,000,000,000 neurons that communicate with each other through synaptic connections. Each individual neuron is capable of having thousands of synapses, leading to trillions of synaptic connections in the brain. These connections create neural networks that form the foundation for higher cognitive functions like learning, memory, and emotional regulation. The more synaptic connections you have, the better your memory, the faster your brain processes information, and the better your attention and focus will be. A breakthrough discovery at MIT demonstrated the key role that magnesium plays in regulating synapse density. The team of scientists showed that increasing magnesium levels in the brain leads to a significant and lasting increase in the number of functional synapses. However, the scientists found that conventional magnesium supplements were very poorly absorbed and failed to elevate magnesium in the brain, so they developed Magtein™. Magtein™ is a proprietary magnesium compound specifically designed to increase brain magnesium levels.  It is a form of magnesium that is chelated to L-threonate (a metabolite of vitamin c) to act as a carrier to facilitate magnesium’s entry into the brain.    Magtein™ (magnesium l-threonate) has been shown to significantly increase the brain’s number of synaptic connections / synaptic density (see graph on the left), and enhance both short-term and long-term memory (see graph on the right). Magnesium Taurate & Neurotransmitter Balance Magnesium taurate delivers an important amino acid, taurine to the brain and body.  Magnesium and taurine have synergistic and potentiating roles. Magnesium and taurine work together to stabilize cell membranes throughout the central nervous system and maintain neurotransmitter balance. One of taurine’s main tasks is to facilitate the passage of sodium, potassium, and magnesium ions into and out of cells for optimal neuronal activity. Taurine has a role in vision, cardiac health, bile production, as well as muscle growth.  It also acts as an antioxidant, inhibiting LDL cholesterol oxidation. Magnesium Glycinate & Sleep Quality Magnesium glycinate is a highly bioavailable form of magnesium and a significant source of glycine, an amino acid that promotes deep sleep and the elimination of toxins from the body. Magnesium and glycine both have a calming effect on the brain, helping to reduce stress and increase sleep quality. Restful sleep is important for the restoration of energy stores in brain cells depleted during a full day of thinking.  And with it’s anti-inflammatory properties, glycine is beneficial to the entire recovery process. Glycine has been shown to improve memory retrieval and reduce fatigue in individuals with sleep-depriving conditions, including jet lag and overwork. As an essential component in the synthesis of creatine, glycine also helps preserve muscle mass and prevent liver damage.  It plays a key role in liver detoxification by increasing glutathione. Accelerate your mind with    Suggested Use: Take 2 servings per pay, preferably 1 serving in the afternoon and 1 serving in the evening, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner. U.S.A manufactured in a GMP facility. Natural Stacks proudly uses only the highest quality ingredients. Magtein™ Magnesium L-Threonate Built on over a decade of research, scientists from MIT (including a Nobel Prize laureate) developed the revolutionary new compound Magtein™ (magnesium l-threonate) to increase the levels of magnesium in the brain for optimal mental function, memory, and sleep.    "Magtein™ is a trademark of Magceutics, Inc. and is distributed exclusively by AIDP, Inc. Magtein is covered by registered and pending U.S. Patents." Magnesium Taurate Magnesium Taurate is a synergistic combination of magnesium and taurate, a free-form amino acid.  It’s known to decrease anxiety, relieve muscle fatigue, and promote a stronger immune system. This form of magnesium supports maximum absorption in the cells and distribution throughout the body. Magnesium Glycinate Magnesium glycinate has a positive impact on attention, memory, and stress reduction. Utilizing the essential amino acid glycine, this form of magnesium has a calming effect on the brain and promotes deeper sleep. Magnesium L-Threonate: In a recent rodent study, top neuroscientists from universities in Beijing, Texas, and Toronto found that “elevation of brain magnesium, by a novel magnesium compound [magnesium-l-threonate (MgT)], enhances synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and learning and memory” [1] Twelve scientists at MIT conducted a study on magnesium-L-threonate and concluded that “an increase in brain magnesium enhances both short-term synaptic facilitation and long-term potentiation and improves learning and memory functions.” [2] A study using magnesium-L-threonate to treat Alzheimer’s Disease discovered that “Elevation of Brain Magnesium Prevents and Reverses Cognitive Deficits and Synaptic Loss” [3] In early 2014, two human studies on magnesium-L-threonate will be released to the public. Taurine (found in Magnesium Taurate): Researchers at Tufts University found that "Taurine increased choice reaction time" and "Taurine reversed the effects of caffeine-withdrawal symptoms" [4] A recent study on taurine's neuroprotective properties concluded that taurine supplementation "significantly ameliorated the age-dependent decline in spatial memory acquisition and retention" and can "forestall the age-related decline in cognitive functions". [5] In Japan, a study of 25 male college students found that "taurine supplementation alleviates visual fatigue induced by visual display terminal (VDT) work" [6] Glycine (found in Magnesium Glycinate): A 2012 study on healthy male volunteers found that "glycine improves daytime sleepiness and fatigue induced by acute sleep restriction" [7] A study on individuals with continuous complaints about the quality of their sleep concluded that "glycine ingestion significantly improved the following elements: 'fatigue', 'liveliness and preppiness', and 'clear-headedness'." [8] When studying the effects of glycine ingestion before bedtime on volunteers who have been experiencing unsatisfactory sleep, scientists in Japan found that it "improved the volunteers' satisfaction with their sleep, the difficulty of sleep onset, and sleep efficiency" [9] Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22016520 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20152124 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23658180 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22819803 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23963537 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752617 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22529837 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00193.x/abstract http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2007.00262.x/abstract

Better For Your Brain*Formulated to outperform any other marine oil product on the market, Antarctic Krill Oil contains more DHA to achieve the optimal EPA / DHA balance for brain health.*Better For Your Heart*Astaxanthin is a rare but powerful natural ingredient produced by sea algae. Antarctic Krill Oil contains 700% more Astaxanthin than most krill oil products, helping to deliver superior heart health benefits.*[25]No AftertasteEach softgel of Antarctic Krill Oil is completely flavorless and made from fresh, high-quality oil. No after-taste. No rancidness. And no fish burps.Delivers a superior dose of Omega-3s for brain, heart, and joint health*Experience the gift of being able to move better, think better, and feel better. Omega-3s are present in all longevity-driven diets. However, we can rarely get enough in our standard foods. That’s why fueling the brain and body with key fatty acids primes it for optimal focus, memory, and cognitive function with each passing year.*A scientifically-proven superior option to fish oil [24]Don’t settle for the inferior choice. Your brain deserves only the best. Krill oil contains both DHA and EPA omega-3 fatty acids and the antioxidant astaxanthin. This makes it the superior option compared to fish oil supplements. These antioxidants support the brain directly and deliver premium support for healthy aging.*

Acetylcholine Brain Food™ is designed to promote the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential to mental processing. Research suggests that the natural compounds in Acetylcholine Brain Food™ are associated with memory and cognitive function.† Improved attention to detail† Better mental clarity† Faster thinking† Cuts through brain fog† Suggested Use Take a serving of 2-4 capsules to support mental processing speed, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner. Do not exceed 8 capsules per day. U.S.A. manufactured in a cGMP facility. Natural Stacks proudly uses only the highest quality ingredients. Details: To make acetylcholine, the brain needs two elements: an acetyl group and a choline molecule. An acetyl group is a type of simple molecular building block of organic chemistry with a chemical formula of C2H30. The acetyl group is usually present in the brain as Acetyl-CoA. Choline and the acetyl group are grouped together by the enzyme Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT). They are both stored in neurons, released, and then broken down by another enzyme called acetylcholinesterase (AchE). To increase levels of acetylcholine, we use the following approach: Create more acetyl-CoA molecules to provide acetyl groups to ChAT for acetylcholine production. Provide more choline in choline producing (cholinergic) neurons for use by ChAT. Increase or upregulate the activity of ChAT. Decrease the activity of AchE. Acetylcholine Brain Food™ contains the essential raw materials for the brain to increase production, achieve balance, and maintain prolonged activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine -- the Learning Molecule. Research: De jesus moreno moreno M. Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Ther. 2003;25(1):178-93. PMID 12637119 Szutowicz A, Bielarczyk H, Jankowska-kulawy A, Pawełczyk T, Ronowska A. Acetyl-CoA the key factor for survival or death of cholinergic neurons in course of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Res. 2013;38(8):1523-42. PMID 23677775 Houten SM, Wanders RJ. A general introduction to the biochemistry of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010;33(5):469-77. 20195903 Arsenio L, Bodria P, Magnati G, Strata A, Trovato R. Effectiveness of long-term treatment with pantethine in patients with dyslipidemia. Clin Ther. 1986;8(5):537-45. PMID 3094958 Malaguarnera M, Gargante MP, Cristaldi E, et al. Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) treatment in elderly patients with fatigue. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2008;46(2):181-90. PMID 17658628

CILTEP® is a natural dietary supplement designed to improve and maintain brain performance, especially memory, focus, and motivation. It is a new natural nootropic created from the combination of artichoke extract and forskolin, and it works synergistically with choline-boosting nootropic stacks like Alpha BRAIN™.CILTEP, which stands for 'Chemically Induced Long-Term Potentiation,' improves healthy learning and memory in the brain by supporting and optimizing levels of intracellular second messengers.Many users say it produces a powerful effect similar to Modafinil. CILTEP works best for people who need to learn a lot of new material, focus intently on a task or series of tasks over a period of several hours.Warning:Do not consume nicotine or prescription stimulants with CILTEP. Do not use if pregnant, nursing, or under the age of 18. Consult with a healthcare practitioner before taking this or any nutritional supplement if you have or suspect a medical condition, are taking any medications, or other non-Natural Stacks™ dietary supplements. Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing. Store in a cool dry place. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. For optimal mental performance, take a serving of 2-3 capsules immediately upon waking on an empty stomach. Do not take more than 3 capsules per day. Users typically experience results for 8-14 hours. Unlike other nootropics on the market, a CILTEP stack works inside the cell to naturally induce Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), a state of increased neuron connectivity. For biohackers, here are the primary mechanisms by which CILTEP induces LTPLong-Term Potentiation (LTP) is a long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from stimulating them both at the same time. LTP is one of the major cellular mechanisms behind learning and memory. Memories are formed or 'encoded' in the brain by creating LTP.ARTSKOLIN achieves LTP by: 1. Inhibiting Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), and 2. Increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). 1. PDE4 InhibitionPDE4 is an enzyme that breaks down cAMP molecules, messenger systems that relay signals in the brain.Inhibition of PDE4 blocks the breakdown of cAMP, thereby increasing levels of cAMP within brain cells. PDE4 inhibitors have been shown to have significant nootropic effects including increased cognition , improved long term memory, increased wakefulness, and neuroprotection. Artichoke Extract is known to be the safest and most effective PDE4 Inhibitor.There are other herbal supplements that can also perform PDE4 Inhibition but they have all been found to have significant side effects. CILTEP has 900 mg of high quality Artichoke Extract in each serving. 2. Increasing cAMPAn herbal supplement named Forskolin (active compound extracted from the root of the Coleus Forskohlii plant) is the only known supplement to naturally increase cAMP levels. It has been used for thousands of years in traditional Indian Aryuvedic medicine. Forskolin activates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase which increases intracellular levels of cAMP.CILTEP features premium Coleus Forskohlii that is standardized for 20% Forskolin. There are 4 mg of Forskolin in each serving of CILTEP. Increasing cAMP and inhibiting its degradation (through PDE4 Inhibition) induces Long-Term Potentiation (LTP). The result is an overall improvement of cognitive function, especially memory formation and retention of new information. 3. LTP & DopamineThis regimen makes normal dopamine metabolism more effective at triggering the motivation, learning, and memory processes. Meanwhile, the chemical dynamics of the dopamine system are preserved, which avoids all negative side effects associated with using traditional dopamine stimulation (such as Adderall or Ritalin). Research has shown that increased intracellular cAMP increases the rate of dopamine synthesis. We include Vitamin B6 and the natural dopamine precursor L-Phenylalanine to the CILTEP formula to keep your brain well stocked with the building blocks of dopamine. L-Phenylalanine (pronounced feen-ull-AL-uh-neen) is an amino acid found in some foods that the brain uses to make dopamine and it synergizes perfectly with Artichoke Extract and Forskolin, reducing fatigue and creating long lasting results with a lift in mood References:1.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/166722922.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/84214943.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/166722924.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704616/5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98440086.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/97009667.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/113884388.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/173980019.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2096957310.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1706435211.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2761676 For more resources on the science of CILTEP, please visit:CILTEP Whitepaper by Abelard Lindsay

Found in cells throughout the brain and body, Vitamin D plays an integral role in regulating the neuromuscular and immune systems [1,2], as well as mood and sleep [3]. It’s also a critical hormone precursor that supports new cell growth [4] and bone formation [5,6]. Vitamin D is essential to maintaining health and optimizing performance. Unfortunately it’s only found in a few foods and often in very small amounts. Because of it’s vital importance and lack of dietary sources, humans evolved to be able to make Vitamin D on their own. Ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation from sunlight penetrates uncovered skin and naturally gets converted into Vitamin D. Season, time / length of day, cloud cover, smog, sunscreen, and darkness of skin all affect the amount of UV exposure and rate of Vitamin D synthesis [7].  It’s been shown that cloud cover and pollution can reduce UV energy by up to 60%, and UV-B radiation doesn’t penetrate glass so exposure to sunlight through a window does not produce Vitamin D [8]. It’s estimated that 1 billion worldwide suffer from Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency [9]. Symptoms of inadequate levels of Vitamin D include bone pain and muscle weakness, but the symptoms can be subtle and go undetected in the initial stages. Deficiency has been associated with increased risk of autoimmune, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases [10]. Natural Stacks™ Vitamin D3 provides the highly bioavailable form of natural Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol). To ensure optimal absorption of this fat-soluble vitamin we suspended it in the healthiest fat on the planet - organic cold pressed coconut oil. The natural fatty acids in coconut oil aid the transport of Vitamin D into the bloodstream for fast and effective results.   Vitamin d, neurocognitive functioning and immunocompetence. Vitamin d and the immune system: beyond rickets. Vitamin d deficiency may play a role in depression. Vitamin d’s role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Effectiveness and safety of vitamin d in relation to bone health. The role of vitamin d for bone health and fracture prevention. Benefits and requirements of vitamin d for optimal health: a review. The photobiology of vitamin d and its consequences for humans. Vitamin d: evolutionary, physiological and health perspectives. Vitamin d deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences. PERFORMANCE ESSENTIAL Suggested Use: Take 1 softgel per day, preferably in the morning, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) Each softgel features 5,000 IU of the most bioavailable form of natural Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol). Vitamin D3 is absolutely essential for optimal performance and health. Organic Coconut Oil Certified organic coconut oil is the perfect addition to Vitamin D3. Fat-soluble vitamin D is suspended within the coconut oil allowing for maximum absorption.   When studying the relationship between vitamin D levels and cognition, researchers found that “the high vitamin D group had significantly more correct responses than the low vitamin D group”. [1] A meta-analysis of 18 independent randomized controlled trials (total 57,311 participants) found that “Intake of ordinary doses of vitamin D supplements seems to be associated with decreases in total mortality rates”. [2] An extensive 2007 study on 2,160 healthy women concluded that “higher vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer LTL, which underscores the potentially beneficial effects of this hormone of aging and age-related diseases”. [3]  A rodent study investigating the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D discovered it’s ability to mitigate inflammation, making it “a useful therapeutic option to alleviate the effects of aging on cognitive function”. [4] Dr. Rhonda Patrick recently discovered that “Vitamin D hormone regulates serotonin synthesis”. Serotonin is the neurotransmitter responsible for mood regulation. [5]   A study examining the cognitive performance, mood, and physical performance of 80 older adults found that “vitamin D deficiency was associated with low mood and with impairment on two of four measures of cognitive performance”. [6]   Vitamin D and executive function: a preliminary report. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women. Vitamin D mitigates age-related cognitive decline through the modulation of pro-inflammatory state and decrease in amyloid burden. Vitamin D hormone regulates serotonin synthesis. part 1; relevance for autism. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with low mood and worse cognitive performance in older adults.  

Inflammation - the silent killer Inflammation is a natural response to stress, injury, or illness as part of the body’s normal recovery process.  However problems arise if you’re constantly in an inflammatory state.  Inflammation is the #1 performance robber.  It can negatively affect your joints, brain function, and gut health on a daily basis. Unfortunately, in today’s world it’s impossible to completely protect yourself from inflammation.  Things like exposure to wireless internet signals, too much artificial light, not getting enough sleep, and consuming too much sugar or processed foods are all causes of inflammation. And the negative side effects of inflammation are cumulative.  It may go un-noticed until you experience things like minor joint pain or occasional brain fog, but then it can develop into serious health problems.  In fact, chronic inflammation is the common link among the leading causes of death in developed nations.  It’s the root factor for 7 of the top 10 causes of death, including heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s. (1) Reducing inflammation is essential for performing at your highest level every day and living a long, healthy life.   Curcumin - fight inflammation and live optimal The root of the turmeric plant has been used has been used for centuries in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine to treat various inflammatory conditions.  The natural phenol of turmeric responsible for its powerful anti-inflammatory properties is called Curcumin. Curcumin is capable of interacting with a number of different molecular targets involved in inflammation.  It modulates the inflammatory response by down-regulating the activity of enzymes such as lipoxygenase, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) - the target of the pharmaceutical drug Celebrex®.  It also inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin (IL) -1, -2, -6, -8, and -12, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP), and migration inhibitory protein.  This multi-pronged attack on inflammation is the key to its effectiveness.  Numerous studies over recent decades have substantiated the exciting mental and physical performance boosting benefits of curcumin.  It’s has been shown to: Reduce inflammation and lower disease risk (2,3) Increase BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) (4,5) Increase insulin sensitivity (6) Reduce symptoms of depression and increase mood (5,7) Speed recovery (8) Protect against neural degradation (9) Increase testosterone and boost muscle growth (10,11) However, curcumin powder has very low bioavailability…. The downside for curcumin - and the reason it hasn’t (yet) become a health superstar - is that it has very low oral bioavailability, resulting from poor solubility in the aqueous phase of the digestive fluids, limited intestinal uptake, rapid metabolism, and urinary excretion. (12) Our goal with Natural Stacks Curcumin was to change that. The science is too convincing and the benefits are too life-changing to simply throw curcumin away due to “low bioavailability”. Creating a superior curcumin supplement Unlike regular curcumin powder, we start with a standardized 95% curcumin extract - purified and concentrated from raw turmeric root.  We use the patented NovaSOL solubilisation technology to suspend the curcumin extract in microscopic spheres called micelles which transform the dense and opaque extract into a body-ready liquid form.  The liquid micelles are completely stable at gastric pH and are so microscopically small that the curcumin is readily absorbed and passed directly into the bloodstream. A human clinical trial showed that NovaSOL Curcumin is 185X MORE BIOAVAILABLE than regular curcumin powder and 10X MORE BIOAVAILABLE than a fully standardized (95%) curcumin extract.  It was also shown to be long lasting, remaining in blood plasma for up to 24 hours. (13) To take it a step further, we combined the liquid curcumin micelles with organic coconut oil for superior bioavailability. Anti-Inflammatory SUGGESTED USE: Take 1 serving per day, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner. U.S.A manufactured in a cGMP facility.  Natural Stacks proudly uses only the highest quality ingredients. NovaSOL® Curcumin Each serving contains 1,000 mg of NovaSOL curcumin, shown to be 10x more bioavailable than a fully standardized (95%) curcumin extract.  The unique micelle structure is completely stable at gastric pH allowing for rapid absorption, making it very effective at much lower doses. Organic Coconut Oil Certified organic coconut oil is the perfect addition to curcumin, allowing for maximum absorption. NovaSOL® is a registered trademark of Aquanova AG. Sources: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/282929.php http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637808/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637808/table/T1/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899306027144 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432812006997 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X0901571X http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23832433 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26540017 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26552010 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1524-475X.1998.60211.x/abstract http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746179 Sharma, R. A., Steward, W.P., Grescher, A. J., Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2007, 595, 453-470. http://novasolcurcumin.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/NovaSOL-Curcumin-Clinical-Study.pdf NovaSOL Curcumin 185X MORE BIOAVAILABLE than curcumin powder and 10X MORE BIOAVAILABLE than a fully standardized (95%) curcumin extract. According to scientists conducting independent research, “the liquid micellar formulation of curcumin significantly improved its oral bioavailability” and “Consumers will benefit dramatically from consuming relatively low doses of NovaSOL Curcumin (about 80 to 90 mg per day) as that is the bio-equivalent dose of 12 to 15 grams of curcumin powder.” [1] Anti-Inflammatory / Pain Relief / Tissue Healing High doses of curcumin improved tendon healing, lowered inflammation markers, and led to a faster and more complete recovery [2] “Curcumin is capable of promoting peripheral nerve regeneration in normal conditions.” and “In conclusion, curcumin is capable of promoting nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve crush injury in diabetes mellitus, highlighting its therapeutic values as a neuroprotective agent for peripheral nerve injury repair in diabetes mellitus.” [3] Lowers risk of and treats commons diseases of inflammation “This agent has been shown to regulate numerous transcription factors, cytokines, protein kinases, adhesion molecules, redox status and enzymes that have been linked to inflammation. The process of inflammation has been shown to play a major role in most chronic illnesses, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases” [4] including: Alzheimer’s, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s, Epilepsy, Cerebral Injury, Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, Arthritis, HIV/AIDS, Allergies, IBS/Crohn's, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Depression.[5] Mental Performance Curcumin increases Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - the growth hormone responsible for neurogenesis (formation of new neurons) [6] “Curcumin treatment had positive effects on mitochondrial membrane potential.” [7] “Curcumin better than Prozac at lowering symptoms of depression with none of the alarming and unwanted side effects.” [8] Metabolic Disorders & Diabetes A 2009 Study from Auburn University published in Biochemistry and Biophysical Research Communications showed that “Curcumin is literally 400 times more potent than Metformin (a common diabetes drug) in activating AMPK which improves insulin sensitivity which can help reverse Type 2 Diabetes.” [9] Muscle Growth / Recovery Curcumin exhibits strong anti-catabolic properties - protecting muscle from excessive damage during eccentric training and preventing muscle loss during periods of no weight training. [10] The anti-estrogenic effects of curcumin increase ratio of testosterone:estrogen, promoting increased lean muscle mass [11] Webinar replay Discussing inflammation and the scientifically proven benefits of curcumin (link to webinar replay after Thursday 1/21) Sources: http://novasolcurcumin.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/NovaSOL-Curcumin-Clinical-Study.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26540017 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26552010 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637808/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637808/table/T1/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432812006997 http://www.jpreventionalzheimer.com/all-issues.html?article=39   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23832433 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X0901571X http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1524-475X.1998.60211.x/abstract http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746179

Serotonin Brain Food™ highlights: ● Happier, more stable moods● Improved gut health, digestion and physical wellbeing● No artificial ingredients, no GMOs, no gluten. What is “brain food”? Neurochemistry - the chemical patterns and processes that cause your brain to function as it does - is highly complex. It varies significantly between individuals, and is heavily influenced by a large range of factors. Your diet, exercise habits, sun exposure, social group and genetics all have a role to play in your brain’s chemical behaviour. Most of us do not get enough of everything we need every day to keep our brain function 100% optimized. That’s why supplementing with brain food can give you such an edge. Brain food are natural nutrients that act as fuel for specific neurotransmitters in the brain. They can be taken daily to boost various states of optimal performance. By addressing any deficiencies or imbalances in the delicate neurological system, you can increase your ability to concentrate, regulate your energy, and balance your mood. The importance of Serotonin Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is associated with a sense of wellbeing and happiness, as well as a healthy appetite and digestive system, constricting smooth muscles, and transmitting impulses between nerve cells. Abnormal serotonin levels can cause serious problems, such as osteoporosis, poor libido, nausea, migraines, obesity and Parkinson’s disease. Low levels are associated with depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive behavior. Getting your serotonin levels balanced and in an optimal range can have a profound influence on your health and quality of life. When your serotonin is being produced at the optimal pace, you will feel calm and healthy. Your mood will be positive, stable, and well balanced. Complete Neurotransmitter Support The best way to optimize serotonin levels is to ensure that the necessary precursors and cofactors are available. These precursors and cofactors pave the way for your brain to produce and then use serotonin at an optimal rate for your particular physiology. Serotonin Brain Food™ provides these essential compounds. It contains an amino acid precursor (L-Tryptophan), serotonin metabolism cofactors (Vitamin B-3, Zinc, & Magnesium), and an herbal extract to reduce cortisol (Rhodiola Rosea). For A Positive Mood SUGGESTED USE: Take a serving of 2-3 capsules to support a positive mood, during situations of stress or irritability, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner. Avoid use in the evening. Do not exceed 2 servings per day. U.S.A manufactured in a cGMP facility. Natural Stacks proudly uses only the highest quality ingredients. L-Tryptophan As a precursor to serotonin, this essential amino acid is directly converted into 5-HTP. It’s found in many foods such as egg whites, soybean, and turkey. Vitamin B-3 (Niacinamide) An essential vitamin that is also a necessary cofactor for the proper catabolism of fat, carbohydrate, protein, and alcohol. It’s also closely involved in cell signaling and DNA repair. It’s used most extensively in the brain, gut and skin, which have a high cellular turnover rate. Our Vitamin B-3 source is a niacinamide, which has been carefully selected to be non-flushing - many other Vitamin B-3 sources are niacin, which can cause uncomfortable skin flushing. Magnesium (Magnesium Glycinate) Magnesium glycinate has a positive impact on attention, memory, and stress reduction. Utilizing the essential amino acid glycine, this form of magnesium has a calming effect on the brain. Zinc (Zinc Glycinate) Zinc glycinate is a critical factor in maintaining a healthy immune system. It supports optimal cell division and replication, improves healing times, and ensures proper growth patterns and sensory development. Rhodiola Rosea An herb native to the Arctic and northernmost parts of Europe and Central Asia, Rhodiola Rosea has been used in herbal medicine for many years. It’s associated with improvements in mood, reduced stress and depression, and overall increases in physical and mental well being and performance. Serotonin Metabolism, by Abelard Lindsay Serotonin is a neurotransmitter responsible for mood[1], fear[2], aggression[3] and anxiety[4]. It plays a large part in the digestive process as it interacts with neurons present in the gut[5]. Healthy serotonin levels allow one to be in the moment instead of becoming drawn into negative thought patterns. Where does serotonin come from? It starts with tryptophan. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is a precursor to serotonin. It is found in many foods such as egg whites, soybean and turkey and is also available as a nutritional supplement[6]. It is converted into 5-HTP by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase(TH). TH is a key rate limiting enzyme that controls the production of 5-HTP in the body. TH comes in two variants. TPH1, which is present in the gut and the peripheral nervous system, and TPH2, which is primarily expressed in the central nervous system[7]. Serotonin outside the CNS is not particularly interesting for cognitive enhancement. It is however suspected that a lack or excess of serotonin in the digestive tract can lead to irritable bowel syndrome. Some drugs with antidepressant effects are actually used to control certain intractable digestive problems, presumably by having an effect on the neurochemical aspects of digestion[8]. Serotonin is an agonist for many different serotonin receptors in the brain. Many antidepressant drugs developed over the past 30 years, known as SSRIs, have been developed in order to keep serotonin active in the synaptic cleft by reducing the activity of the SERT enzyme[9]. The theory behind this is that stimulating serotonin receptors via increased synaptic serotonin will improve and alleviate depression[10]. Exercise, a well studied treatment for depression[11], has been investigated as a serotonin production enhancer through various mechanisms[12]. Serotonin is broken down and then processed into melatonin via methylation[13]. Melatonin is crucial for sleep. Methylation is also active in the dopamine system and breaks down norepinephrine to epinephrine. Supplementation of melatonin has been shown to increase serotonin in animal models[14]. Seasonal affective disorder, a form of depression caused by lack of sunlight in winter months, is tied to serotonin deficiency[15]. This is possibly due to excess melatonin production from serotonin as melatonin production is controlled by light exposure and the circadian rhythms[16]. Another system that has a profound effect on serotonin metabolism is regulated by the hormone cortisol. Cortisol pathways, which are induced by stress, cause an increase in serotonin reuptake, possibly contributing to depression[17]. Increased cortisol also may increase the production of N-formyl-L-kynurenine by increasing the activity of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase[18]. This pathway uses up L-Tryptophan in the eventual production of niacin instead of serotonin. Niacin is produced from tryptophan in competition with the serotonin pathway[19]. Supplementing niacin thus may free up tryptophan to be processed into serotonin. Magnesium is important in processing serotonin[20]. A correlation has been shown between low magnesium levels and depression[21]. Experimental evidence has also shown that magnesium is needed as a cofactor of tryptophan hydroxylase, which converts tryptophan into 5-HTP, a serotonin precursor, and magnesium is also needed for binding serotonin[22]. It also increases activity at the 5-HT1A serotonin receptor.[23] Zinc also enhances outcomes in unipolar depression[24]. The mechanism of action on serotonin is that it modulates uptake of serotonin into cells[25]. Herbs that have exhibited serotonin reuptake inhibition activity like St. John’s Wart[26] and herbs with observed MAO-A inhibition activity like resveratrol[27] are powerful increasers of serotonin and should only be used in situations where there is a significant deficiency. Berberine heavily influences the 5-HTT transporter[28] while having positive health benefits and being well tolerated over long periods of time. Serotonin is a regular and reliable system that responds to supplementation and has positive effects on mood and energy. There’s a huge difference between low levels of serotonin and optimal levels in how you think, feel and perform.